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Gambro Cobe Spectra Essentials Manual
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Contents
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Introduction2-22 COBE ® Spectra™ Apheresis System • Essentials GuideFunctional DescriptionSeparationThe Spectra system uses a centrifuge to separate whole blood into itsmajor components: Erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (whiteblood cells, including peripheral blood stem cells), thrombocytes(platelets), and plasma. The system draws whole blood from a donor orpatient, adds anticoagulant, pumps it through the tubing set and intothe centrifuge, and separates it into components. The system collectsspecific components and returns remaining components to thedonor/patient. In TPE and RBCX procedures, patients receiveappropriate replacement fluid with the returned components.During single-stage separation (TPE, RBCX, and WBC procedures), thesystem pumps anticoagulated whole blood through an inlet tube into thetubing set channel, while the channel rotates clockwise in the centrifuge.The highest density component (RBCs) flows to the outer wall of thechannel. The buffy coat, which contains WBCs, and the plasma formlayers on top of the RBCs. Platelet collection and AutoPBSC proceduresuse dual-stage separation, which is described in detail in the PlateletCollection Guide and the Cell Therapy Guide.The channel contains several outlet tubes. The tubes route componentsfor collection or return to the donor/patient, depending on the apheresisprocedure.In the TPE and RBCX channels, two tubes route components out of thechannel. The tube that routes cellular components extends from insidethe channel to the outer channel wall, and the tube that routes plasmaextends to the inner wall. In the WBC channel, three tubes routecomponents out of the channel.A control tube helps to establish and maintain the RBC/plasmainterface, so platelets or WBCs collect at the interface. The relationshipbetween the centrifuge speed and specific gravity of platelets and WBCsdetermines which cells collect at the interface.Saturated Fluidized Particle Bed Separation in LRS/LRS TurboPlatelet ProceduresThe collect pump directs platelet-rich plasma and the few remainingWBCs from the second stage of the channel into the LRS chamber. Thefluid dynamics of the conical separation chamber, the sedimentationvelocity of the platelets and WBCs, and the flow rate through theseparation chamber result in an advancing platelet bed, which uponsaturation, traps WBCs in the lower levels of the LRS chamber. Plateletsexit to the storage bags.Fluid FlowsFour variable-speed peristaltic pumps on the front panel (Figure 2-2)control fluid flows. See page 2-5 for a description of the pumps.When using the Spectra keypad to change a pump flow rate during aDual-Needle procedure, enter the actual pump flow rate for the currentprocedure. An exception occurs during platelet collection procedureswhen the High Flow configuration is set to “On.” When the systemestablishes the RBC/plasma interface, it limits the inlet pump flow rateto 45 mL/min. For more information on High Flow configuration, see“Enabling the High Flow Protocol (ELP Procedures)” on page 5-6.The system limits the inlet flow to 45 and then 65 mL/min while itestablishes a stable interface during the first part of all AutoPBSCprocedures.When changing a pump flow rate during a Single-Needle procedure, youactually change the average rate for that pump. At any time during aprocedure, the instantaneous pump flow rate for a specific pump can befaster or slower than the average pump flow rate. The average pump flowrate is the average of the pump flow rates during the Draw and Returnphases.Note: During ELP, LRS, LRST, TPE, and AutoPBSC procedures,you can change only the inlet pump flow rate. |
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