Appendix A: Introduction to SAS ● 91What’s a SAS Port?Note: Because the physical link between SAS devices is from phy to phy, rather than port toport, a “port” is more of a virtual concept, different from what is normally considered a port onother types of RAID controllers and storage devices.A port is one or more phys. A narrow port contains one phy. A wide port typically contains fourphys.Each port has its own unique SAS address (see page 92), and all the phys in a port share thatsame SAS address.SAS card port options vary. A SAS card with four phys could be configured with one wide port,with two wide ports that comprise two phys, or with four narrow ports each containing onephy. (A wide port with four phys is referred to as a 4-wide or 4x port.)What’s a SAS Address?Each SAS port is identified with a unique SAS address, which is shared by all phys on that port.For example, a SAS disk drive might have two narrow ports. Each port has one unique SASaddress. The single phy in each port uses its port’s SAS address.In another example, a SAS device might have one 4-wide port. That port has one SAS address,which is shared by all four phys in the port.Unlike SCSI devices and SCSI IDs, SAS devices self-configure their SAS addresses. Userintervention is not required to set SAS addresses, and SAS addresses cannot be modified.What’s a SAS Connector?A SAS or mini-SAS connector is the physical plug or receptacle that you see on a SAS device.It’s what you plug a SAS cable into, or the end of the SAS cable that’s being plugged in. (SeeCables on page 42.)A connector is what forms physical links between phys. Some SAS connectors can supportmultiple links. The number of links a SAS connector can support is referred to as its width.Narrow connectors support a single link; wide connectors supports more than 1 link.A single SAS device may have one or more connectors. A single SAS connector may help formlinks between more than two SAS devices. (For instance, as shown in the figure on page 50, the4-wide internal SAS connector forms links with four independent disk drives.)What do SAS Cables Look Like?Internal standard SAS cables are narrower than internal parallel SCSI cables. The connectorsvary in size depending on the number of links they support, from single link connectors to4-wide (or larger) connectors. Internal fan-out cables let you attach four disk drives to a single4-wide connector.Mini-SAS connectors support both internal and external SAS connections. The mini-SASconnectors are smaller than the standard SAS internal and external connectors. Mini-SASconnectors support single and multilinks with the ability to scale to future speed needs.For examples of some internal SAS/mini-SAS cables and an external SAS/mini-SAS cables, seeCables on page 42.
