3-2 Functional Description BE1-67Table 3-1. Current Sensing Input ConnectionsSensing Type PhaseTerminal NumbersHigh Range (1.5 to 12 A) Low Range (0.5 to 4 A)Single-Phase (Type A) - 8 to 7 9 to 7Three-Phase (Type B)A 8 to 7 9 to 7B 14 to 15 13 to 15C 17 to 18 16 to 18The output from the sensing input transformers are applied to a scaling circuit that converts each of the inputcurrents to a dc voltage level that can be used within the relay. This scaling is determined by the TAP SELECTswitch and the TAP CAL control on the front of the relay. These controls adjust the scaling for all of the currentinputs at one time. In the three-phase relay, this eliminates the requirement for three separate calibrations,one for each phase.The TAP SELECT switch is a ten-position rotary switch that selects one of the current ranges shown in Table3-2. The TAP CAL control changes these ranges when the control is moved from the maximum clockwiseposition. HIGH and LOW range is determined by the connections made to the relay inputs. When the TAPCAL control is fully clockwise, the pickup setting of the relay will be within ±5% of the TAP SELECT setting.Table 3-2. Sensing Input Range and SettingRangeTAP SELECT PositionA B C D E F G H I JHIGH 2.25 3.0 4.5 5.25 6.75 7.5 9.0 9.75 11.25 12.0LOW 0.75 1.0 1.5 1.75 2.25 2.5 3.0 3.25 3.75 4.0The TAP CAL control provides a means of continuous adjustment between a selected setting of the TAPSELECT and the next lower setting. When the TAP SELECT is set on position A, the TAP CAL control willprovide an adjustment to at least 0.5 A on the LOW range connection and 1.5 A for the HIGH rangeconnection.Voltage SensingVoltage sensing inputs accept nominal 120 Vac phase-to-phase voltages and are configured to match thecurrent sensing type defined by the style number (single-phase or three-phase).DIRECTIONAL ELEMENTThe directional element determines the direction of the current flow by monitoring the angular phaserelationship between phase current and the corresponding quadrature phase-to-phase voltage (phase Acurrent and b-c voltage). The CHARACTERISTIC ANGLE adjustment and (optional) LIMITED REGION oFOPERATION adjustment are front-panel potentiometer controls that are described in the following paragraphs.Characteristic AngleThe CHARACTERISTIC ANGLE adjustment controls the characteristic angle (alpha) shown in Figure 3-2.This rotates the characteristic angle of the directional unit so that the maximum sensitivity can match theimpedance angle of the protected line. The tripping characteristic of the relay is then defined by a line, thatis, perpendicular to I Z. Note that the slight bow in this boundary about the origin is caused by the minimumsensitivity of the directional element: 0.02 ampere and 1.0 volt.